I have previously been a fan of the so called “Freemium” business model – giving away something for free in the hope that a premium service will entice some of the users to pay you. I have dabbled with this business model a few times myself, and I have also given it a lot of thought in the context of other businesses that have gained traction and hype.
I believe that Freemium has a few fundamental flaws unless you are in the media business and/or your business can go viral (which is far fewer businesses than claim to be “viral”).
The first problem I see with Freemium is that the conversion rate from free to premium will normally be miniscule, we are talking a few percent of users having to pay for the use of all the users. Furthermore there is a problem of finding something that is actually valuable enough compared to the free offering that people will pay for.
The second obvious problem is that “free” attracts the wrong people – the passers by, the cheapskates and the freeloaders.
I tend to like the comparison between Windows and Mac to a certain extent: Piracy is rampant among Windows computers, whereas it is a negligible problem on the Mac problem, personally I think this is due to a combination of buying a Mac is a conscious effort, people who buy Macs pay more, but are prepared to do so for a different sort of computing experience.
Windows on the other hand comes with most computers, so everyone gets it. When everyone gets it, there are bound to be a few people with either more loose moral boundaries, different values, or just simply not the financial motivation and means to pay because other things are more important to them (like food).
Note! I’m not painting all windows users with the same brush here!
I’m merely pointing out that Apple has some “disqualifiers” in how they “choose” their own customers, making Mac users as a group more likely to be willing and able to pay for things they perceive as valuable.
A final example of “free” attracting the wrong people is a very simple one: do you honestly believe that you will one day convert people to pay you money, if they are not even willing to part with $5 to get your product or service?!
If people are not willing to part with even a minuscule sum it means one of two things – either they are cheap and will never give you their money anyway, OR your service/product is simply so useless and pointless that it’s not even worth $5.
Thirdly, giving away something for free delays the crucial feedback on whether or not people will want to part with their money for your product or service, hence it delays your knowledge on whether you actually have a viable business or not! Without the feedback, it could mean that you don’t have a business and that you are simply throwing money down a hole.
Fourth, if you are giving something away for free that is actually costing you something, there is the risk that it will eventually kill you, or force you to pull the free offering to great dissatisfaction of your community and user base. Among the competition to SVNsite, there have been several competitors that in the past have given away free service, but they have all gone the same way eventually – they have either pulled the free offering and forced users to leave or pay up, or they have scaled down the free offering to a level where it is close to useless.
If your customers are paying you and carrying their own cost, it will and should actually give them and you some piece of mind – because they pay for a service, they have some level of guarantee that the service will remain as is, baring a collapse of the company behind the service.
Fifth and final: if you don’t charge it will have two effects on the users of your service, they will perceive it as not worth a lot and secondly they don’t have much of an active investment in the service and hence not much of a reason to come back.
A couple of years ago I built an online project management application I was very proud of, that was free to use. Compared to my SVNsite there are some baffling differences: the project management application had less signups than SVNsite in 12 months, than SVNsite has had in three weeks, and people tended to only use it for a couple of months before leaving. With SVNsite, I have asked for money upfront, yet people keep signing up, and they keep coming back (I think)!
This being said, it is not a 100% indictment of Freemium, just a critique of the hype around it: Freemium might work if your business is content- or “social media/networking” in its nature AND can go viral, but it it doesn’t fulfill any of those criteria my firm belief is that it is of limited use.